Sustainable Insulation for Winter Wear

When selecting winter wear, our concerns usually are about how warm a piece of garment is, how expensive it is, and let’s face it, whether it is fashionable. Another factor should be part of our decision-making: how green is the insulation? There are many types of insulation materials, each with a different environmental footprint. There is no single material which can clearly be deemed most environmentally friendly, but here is some information about insulation material sustainability which will hopefully help you make the right decision for you. Sustainable and Ethical Down? Insulation down is made from the small fluffy feathers found underneath a bird’s quilled feathers. Down’s role is one of, no surprise, insulation. Down is particularly sought after as it has a very advantageous warmth to weight ratio and it maintains its loft, trapping warm air close to the body even after years of use. Down is usually obtained from the breast of geese and ducks after they have been slaughtered for food. However, there is evidence of some eastern European and Asian farms harvesting breast down feathers directly from live ducks, which then regrow the feathers. This inhumane method is painful to the bird, and many garment companies are trying to distance themselves from those live-plucking practices. Some large outdoor clothing manufacturers have established sustainable sourcing practices to ensure their down is produced ethically. For example, outdoor clothing giant The North Face is expecting that by the end of 2016 all of the down it uses will be obtained ethically through their in-house Responsible Down Standard certification. Outdoor clothing manufacturer Patagonia has a similar program called Traceable Down which sources down from farms where the waterfowl are not live-plucked. Patagonia also offers jackets and vests made with recycled down obtained from used comforters and pillows. The feathers are sorted, washed, and dried at high temperature before it is sewn into new products. Goose and duck down is a product with great insulation properties, but the very lightest and warmest down is grown by a sea duck found in the frigid waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: the common eider. Eider down is obtained from wild birds, but not the usually way by plucking it directly from the duck. The eiders use their own down to line their nest, and trained harvesters visit nesting colonies where they pick up a portion of the down feathers found in each nest. This sustainable practice has no negative effects on the eiders’ nesting success, but it yields only about 44 grams of down on average per nest, and much less once it’s sorted and cleaned. Eider down is of course very expensive and is used mostly in high-priced comforters and luxury clothes. Wool Wool is a product with excellent insulation qualities, as it remains warm when wet. It has been used for centuries, and while its popularity declined after the development of synthetic products, wool is making a comeback in outdoor apparel and fashion wear. Merino wool in particular is sought after for its softness and wicking properties. A sustainability certification program, named ZQ, exists for wool from New Zealand Merino sheep. By definition wool is a renewable resource, but in reality the sustainability of wool is as good as the farming practices used to raise the sheep. Pastured sheep efficiently convert energy from grass with relatively little greenhouse gas emissions as compared to cattle. In more arid regions, overgrazed rangeland is often an unfortunate sight. Farmers markets can present a good opportunity to get to know sheep farmers and their practices. The markets are also a good place to meet farmers who raise alpaca, a relative of the llama known for its high quality wool. A Synthetic Solution? While synthetic insulation is not quite as warm as down, it has the significant advantage of not holding water and not losing its insulation value when wet. Unfortunately, synthetic insulation is made from oil byproducts in a process releasing significant greenhouse gases. To get around that, the main synthetic insulation makers offer versions of their products made, partly or wholly, of recycled materials. For example, PrimaLoft and Thinsulate offer recycled alternatives, and Patagonia produces fleece fabric spun from PET plastic (#1) recycled from soda bottles. Â   Unfortunately there is increasing evidence that polyester, which makes up most of the fibers used in synthetic insulation, has a water pollution problem. Every time a polyester garment is washed, tiny fibers get detached and washed down the drain. The fibers will not decompose the way cotton or wool would. Instead, polyester fibers are being found in bodies of water all over the world. There, the fibers contribute to the global microplastics pollution problem: persistent organic pollutants stick to the fibers’ surface, and aquatic microorganisms then suffer from ingesting them. Milkweed Yes, milkweed! Asclepias has long been known for its insulation properties, and has been used as a hypoallergenic pillow fill. Figuring out how to use it for clothing insulation has proven elusive until recently when a Canadian company developed a lightweight, effective-when-wet, very warm woven fabric made from milkweed. For now, it comes in limited applications and at a steep price, but as a bonus the commercially grown plant is only harvested after it has served as food for the monarch butterfly larvae. Make It Last! The most environmentally sustainable insulated garment is the one you don’t buy, so make the clothes you own last a long time. Knowing how to make basic repairs, like replacing a zipper or mending a tear, can stretch the functional life of a jacket for several more years. Purchasing quality clothing well-constructed by a reputable manufacturer in the first place pays off in the end, as it will likely last much longer than discount brands or cheap knock-off products.

Informative Speech On Content Implementation Plan Essay

Content Implementation Plan I am appreciative for the valuable information I obtained from this course. I intend to incorporate the researched practices into my reading program. Allington addressed several critical components of instruction necessary to ensure reading interventions are delivered with the best intentions and students are responding successfully to the reading interventions. However, my â€Å"aha-moments† included the topics: the volume of reading, matching students’ independent and instructional reading levels to appropriate texts, expert interventionist, matching intervention to the classroom curriculum, and group size. Volume of Reading I agree with Allington, the volume of reading is a critical component which supports the quantity of extensive reading, required to ensure struggling readers accuracy and fluency rates accelerate to develop proficient readers. Often the reading interventions focus on specific reading skills such as phonics, word recognition, fluency (speed), and etc. The research suggests the intervention time be dedicated to continuous reading versus using the majority of the time working on individual skills. Allington provided me the critical awareness and the importance of the quantity of extensive reading. I definitely will redesign my intervention time to reflect the suggested amount of time to focus on individual reading skills and extensive reading, as Allington suggested. Therefore, I look forward to incorporating extensiveShow MoreRelatedPurpose And Plan For Meeting The Spiritual Need Of A Congregation Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesThesis: The effectiveness of communication will begin with a purpose and plan in meeting the spiritual need of a congregation. The project will serve as a purpose to enhance the congregation’s growth in a deeper knowledge of God. 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Renaissance Notes Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Notes Essay With the large city-states and sizeable towns, northern Italy was urban versus the rest of Europe being mostly rural. The cities were an ideal place for an intellectual revolution as they are places where ideas are often exchanged. When the bubonic plague struck in the asses, 60% of the populations of these cities were killed, and this mean that the fewer laborers could demand higher wages, and with fewer opportunities to expand business, merchants began to pursue interests such as art. It. Merchants and the Medici A wealthy merchant class developed in each Italian city-state. Small city-states like Milan and Florence had a high percentage of citizens that could be intensely involved in political life. Merchants dominated politics Merchants didnt inherit social rank like nobles. Many successful merchants believed they deserved power and wealth because of their individual merit. Since the late asses, Florence had a republican form of government. During the Renaissance, Florence came under the rule of the Medici, whose family bank had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe. Cosmic De Medici was the wealthiest European of his time, and in 1434, he won control of Florescences government and was dictator for 30 years. He influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans. Cosmic De Medici died in 1464, UT his family continued to control Florence. His grandson, Lorenz De Medici (aka Lorenz the Magnificent), came to power in 1469 and ruled as a dictator keeping the appearance of an elected government. Iii. Looking to Greece and Rome Renaissance scholars wanted to return to the culture of the Greeks and Romans. The artists and scholars of Italy were inspired by Roman around them. Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts preserved in monasteries. Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453. B. Classical and Worldly Values Humanism was an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements that was sparked by the study of classical texts. Instead of approaching the texts with the goal of equating them to Christian teachings, humanists studied them to understand ancient Greek values. Humanists influenced artists and architects to use classical traditions and promoted the study of subjects typical of classical education (aka humanities: history, literature, philosophy, etc. ) A. 1 . A. Iii. Worldly Pleasures In the Middle Ages, piety had been demonstrated by wearing rough clothing and eating plain foods. Humanists suggested that a person could enjoy life without offending God. The basic spirit of Renaissance society was focused on here and now (worldly) versus spiritual, this was called secular society. Even church leaders became worldlier: living in beautiful mansions, throwing lavish banquets, and wearing expensive clothes. A. L . A. Iv. Patrons of the Arts Church leaders, merchants, and wealthy families during the Renaissance became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists. By having their portraits painted or by donating art to the city (to be shown of biblically), the wealthy displayed their win importance. A. L . A. V. The Renaissance Man During the Renaissance, as propagated by writers, the ideal individual strove to master almost every area of study. A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a universal man (aka Renaissance men, known as such in later ages) Balderdash Castigation wrote a book called The Courtier (1528) that taught a young man should be charming, witty, well educated in the classics, dance, sing, play music, write poetry, be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman. A. L . A. Vi. The Renaissance Woman According to The Courtier, upper-class women also should know the classics and be harming, but instead they were expected to inspire art but rarely to create it. Upper- class Renaissance women were better educated than medieval women, but most had little influence in politics, and few, such as Isabella detest, did exercise power. Born into the ruling family of the city-state of Ferreira, Isabella married the ruler of another city-state, Mantra. She brought many Renaissance artists to her court and built a famous art collection and was also skilled in politics so that when her husband was taken captive in war, she defended Mantra and won his release. C. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art Renaissance artists often portrayed religious figures and Greek and Roman subjects, used a realistic style mimicking classical models, and used perspective (showing three dimensions on a flat surface). I. Realistic Painting and Sculpture With the movement of Individualism, painters began to pain prominent citizens. Realistic portraits showed the distinction between people and artists such as Michelangelo Bonaparte (sculptor, painter, architect, poet) used a realistic style when depicting the human body. Donated also made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions to convey personality. He revived a classical/ biblical form in his statue of David (David and Goliath story) in the asses, the first European sculpture off large, free-standing nude since ancient times. It. Leonardo, Renaissance Man Leonardo dad Vinci was a true Renaissance man, (considered a genius who was a He filled his notebooks with observations and sketches and he incorporated his studies in his art. The Mona Lisa is so realistic that many writers have tried to explain the thoughts behind her smile. The Last Supper shows the personalities of Jesus disciples through their facial expressions and drastically different postures. Iii. Raphael Advances Realism Raphael Sansei was a young man who learned from studying the works of the older Michelangelo and dad Vinci. One of Repeals favorite subjects was the Madonna and child, and he often portrayed their expressions as gentle and calm. He was famous for his use of perspective, and his greatest achievement was filling the walls of Pope Julius Siss library with paintings (School of Athens conveys classical influence on Renaissance). Raphael painted famous Renaissance figures, such as Michelangelo, Leonardo, and himself, as classical philosophers and their students. Lb. Anguishing and Gentiles A few Italian women became notable painters, like Isobars Anguishing, the first woman artist to gain an international reputation. Shes known for her portraits of her sisters and people such as King Philip II of Spain. Artemisia Gentiles was trained with her painter father and helped with his work. In her own paintings, she painted heroic women. D. Renaissance Writers Change Literature Some Renaissance writers followed the example of medieval writer Dante, who wrote in the vernacular (his native language of Italian) instead of Latin. Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to portray individuality of their subjects. A. L . A. Vii. Patriarch and Vacation Francesco Patriarch (aka father of Renaissance humanism) was one of the earliest and most influential humanists and a great poet who wrote in both Italian and Latin He wrote 14 line poems, sonnets, in Italian about a mysterious woman named Laura (his ideal), who died in the plague in 1348. In classical Latin, he wrote letters to many important friends. Giovanni Vacation is best known for the Dodecahedron, a series of realistic, sometimes racy stories supposedly told by a group of worldly young people waiting in a rural villa to avoid the plague sweeping through Florence, and presents OTOH tragic and comic views of life by using cutting humor to illustrate the human condition (characters are individualized) A. L . A. Viii. Machiavelli Advises Rulers Quick notes: Machiavelli writes The Prince as a guidebook of sorts for rulers and it does not concern how to rule as a morally correct person, but rather how to rule efficiently and effectively. A. L . A. Ix. Vitro Colony The women writers who gained fame during the Renaissance usually wrote about personal subjects, not politics. Vitro Colony (1492-1547) was born into a noble family, and in 1509 she married the Marquis of Peccary, who spent most of his life way from home on military campaigns. Colony exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo and helped Castigation publish The Courtier. Her own poems express personal emotions. A. 2. The Northern Renaissance a. The Northern Renaissance Begins By 1450 northern Rupees population began to rise again after the plague. When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, many cities quickly grew, causing urban in Italy). The sponsorship began in Flanders, rich from long-distance trade and the cloth industry, and patronage of artists increased directly proportionally to the wealth in other parts of Northern Europe. England and France were ruled wholly under monarchs (different from Italian city states) who often sponsored the arts by purchasing paintings and supporting artists and writers. Francis I of France invited Leonardo dad Vinci to retire in France, and his castle at Fontainebleau became a showcase for Renaissance art after hiring Italian artists and architects to rebuild and decorate it. The northern Renaissance took on its own character as it blended northern culture with the Italian Renaissance style. Artists were concerned with realism and human dignity inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on Jude-Christian values. B. Artistic Ideas Spread In 1494, war ensued as a French king claimed the throne of Naples causing many Italian artists and writers to leave for safety in Northern Europe, bringing with them the styles of the Italian Renaissance Northern European artists who had studied in Italy also carried ideas back to their homelands I. German Painters Albrecht Dere traveled to Italy to study in 1494 and returned to Germany producing woodcuts and engravings, many of which portray religious subjects, and others classical myths / realistic landscapes Udders work helped to spread Renaissance tales and his emphasis on realism influenced Hans Holstein the Younger. Holstein painted pictures that almost looked like photographs in their details. He moved to England where he painted portraits of King Henry VIII and other members of the royal family. It. Renaissance Food EssayHenry VIII Wants a Son Henry VIII, a devout Catholic, became king of England in 1509, and in 1521, Henry wrote an attack on Lathers ideas. The pope gave Henry the title Defender of the Faith. Henry needed a male heir for fear of civil war breaking out if he died without an heir, but he and his wife, Catherine of Argon, had only a daughter, Mary and no woman had ever successfully claimed the English throne, so by 1 527, Henry was convinced that the 42-year-old Catherine wouldnt bear him anymore kids, and thus he wanted to divorce her and take a younger queen. Church law forbid divorce, but he pope could annul Henrys marriage if there was proof it was never legal, but the pope, for fear of angering Caterings nephew, Charles V, refused to annul Henrys marriage it. The Reformation Parliament In 1529, Henry called Parliament into session and sought to pass a set of laws that ended the popes power in England. In 1533, Henry secretly married the twenty- something Anne Bobble and soon after Parliament legalized Henrys divorce from Catherine. In 1534, Henrys break with the pope was completed when Parliament voted to approve the Act of Supremacy that involved people taking an oath acknowledging the divorce and accepting Henry as the official head of Englands Church. Thomas More remained a devout Catholic despite his criticisms of the Church and refused to take the oath and thus Henry had him arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London only to be executed in 1 535 for high treason. Iii. Anne Bobble gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth who was eventually charged with treason, imprisoned in the Tower of London, and beheaded in 1536. Immediately, Henry took another wife, Jane Seymour and she gave him a son, Edward, in 1537 Henry married three more times after Canes death 2 weeks after Edwards birth, but e had no further children from these marriages. After Henrys death in 1547, each of his three children ruled England in succession and created religious turmoil. Edward, became king when he was nine years old and was guided by adult advisers who were devout Protestants that introduced Protestant reforms to the English Church. Mary took the throne in 1553 and was a Catholic who returned the English Church to the rule of the pope, but her was greatly opposed and had many protestants killed. When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth inherited the throne. v. Elizabeth Restores Protestantism In 1 559, Parliament set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church, with Elizabeth as its head and this was designated to be the only legal church in England. Elizabeth decided to establish a state church Catholics and Protestants could both accept so to please Protestants, priests in the Church of England were allowed to marry, they could deliver sermons in English, not Latin and to please Catholics, the Church of England kept some of the accessories of the Catholic service and in addition, church services were changed to be somewhat more tolerable to Catholics. V. Elizabeth Faces Other Challenges Elizabeth managed to bring a level of religious peace to England, but religion still persisted to be a problem. Some Protestants pushed for Elizabeth to make more church reforms and simultaneously Catholics tried to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with her cousin, the Catholic Mary Queen of Scots and also faced threats from the Catholic Spanish king Philip II In the late asses, the English began to think about building an American empire as a new source of income, but while colonies strengthened England economically, they did not directly reimburse the queen A. 4. The Reformation Continues A. L . A. Calvin Continues the Reformation I. Calvin Formalizes Protestant Ideas In 1536, John Calvin published Institutes of the Christian Religion, which was a summary of Protestant theology in which Calvin wrote that men and women are sinful by nature. Taking Lathers idea that humans cannot earn salvation, Calvin continues that God chooses very few people to save called the elect and he believed that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved, called predestination, and the religion based on Callings teachings is called Calvinist. It. Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerland Calvin believed that the ideal government was a theocracy, a government controlled y religious leaders. In 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland, asked Calvin to lead their city and when Calvin arrived there in the asses, Geneva was a self-governing city of about 20,000 people and Calvin and his followers ran the city according to strict rules. Everyone attended religion class, nobody wore bright clothing or played card games, authorities would imprison, excommunicate, or banish those who broke such rules. Though anyone who opposed this could be burned at the stake, Callings When a Scottish preacher, John Knox, returned to Scotland in 1559 after admiring Geneva, he put Callings ideas to work. Each community church was governed by a group of laymen called elders or presbyters, and followers of Knox became known as Presbyterian and in the 1 sass, Protestant nobles led by Knox made Calvinist Scotland official religion. They also overthrew Mary Queen of Scots for her infant son, James, meanwhile Swiss, Dutch, and French reformers adopted the Calvinist form of church organization. Calvin is considered so influential because many Protestant churches today trace their roots to Calvin but over the years, many softened Callings strict rules/teachings. In France, Callings followers were called Hugeness, and hatred between Catholics and Hugeness turned violent and the most violent clash occurred in Paris on August 24, 1572 at dawn on the Catholic feast of SST. Bartholomew Day when Catholic mobs began murdering Protestants. The massacres spread to other cities and lasted six months and it is believed as many as 12,000 Hugeness were killed. A. 4. A. Other Protestant Reformers A. 4. A. I. The Anabaptists Anabaptists said people who were baptized as kids should be arbitrated when theyre old enough to decide to be Christian The Anabaptists taught that church and Tate should be separate, they refused to fight in wars, and they shared their possessions. Both Catholics and Protestants persecuted them, but the Anabaptists survived and became the precursors of the Mennonites and the Amiss. Their teaching influenced the later Quakers and Baptists, groups who split from the Anglican Church. A. 4. A. Ii. Womens Role in the Reformation The sister of King Francis l, Marguerite of Invader, protected John Calvin from being executed for his beliefs while he lived in France. Katherine Sell, married to Matthew Sell of Strasbourg, once told off a minister for speaking harshly of another reformer ND the minister responded by saying that she had disturbed the peace, but she answered back and held her own. Katherine von Boar was Lathers wife and was sent to a convent at about age ten to become a nun, but inspired by Lathers teaching, she fled the convent After marrying Luther, Katherine had six children, she also managed the family finances, fed all who visited their house, and supported her husbands work. Though Katherine argued with Luther about womans equal role in marriage, womens activities were limited to the home: Luther said, Gods highest gift on earth s a pious, cheerful, God-fearing, home-keeping wife. A. 4. B. The Catholic Reformation Helping Catholics to remain loyal was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself known as the Catholic Reformation. A. 4. B. I. Igniting of Loyola Igniting grew up in his fathers castle in Loyola, Spain and in 1521 he was injured in a war. In 1522, Igniting began writing a book called Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day-by-day plan of meditation, prayer, and study and he compared spiritual and physical exercise. For the next 18 years, he gathered followers and in 1540, the pope reared a religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus whoso members were called Jesuits The Jesuits focused on founding schools throughout Europe with well-trained teachers in both classical studies and theology, to convert non- Christians to Catholicism by sending out missionaries around the world, and to stop the spread of Protestantism A. 4. B. Ii. Reforming Popes indulgence selling and other abuses in the Church, approved the Jesuit order, used the Inquisition to seek out unorthodoxy in papal territory, called a council of Church leaders to meet in Trend, in northern Italy. From 1545 to 1563, at the Council of Trend, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines: The Churchs interpretation of the Bible was final. Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life. Indulgences were valid expressions of faith. But the false selling of indulgences was banned. The next pope, Paul V, carried out the councils decrees and in 1559, he had officials draw up a list of books considered dangerous to the Catholic faith. This list was known as the Index of Forbidden Books and Catholic shops throughout Europe gathered up the offensive books and burnt them. A. 4. C. The Legacy of the Reformation A. 4. C. I. Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation Both Catholics and Protestants gave more emphasis to the role of education in promoting their beliefs, which led to the founding of parish schools and new colleges and universities throughout Europe. Women were still mainly limited to the concerns of home and family. A. 4. C. Ii. Political Effects of the Reformation Individual monarchs and states gained power, which led to the development of modern nation-states.

Kevin Durant and LeBron James Research Paper Example

Kevin Durant and LeBron James Paper For years now, there has been a dispute about two special basketball players. These players happen to be the top in the game that go by the name of LeBron James and Kevin Durant. Some people think that Durant is the best in the game and others feel the same about LeBron. There akre a lot of arguments about the individual’s rivalry and for good reason. Kevin Durant and LeBron James are without question the two premier basketball players in the world, and they’re each reaching new heights in recent days. It’s easy to look at the two superstars and compare them, but the comparison is often approached in the wrong manner. We often try to determine which player is â€Å"better,† but we overlook plenty of other factors in the process. The first aspect is essential to any comparison, just when it’s in proper context. And that context includes a bit of historical back-story, a dash of off-court comparison and a pinch of looking ahead into the future. Durant and LeBron are different people. And it’s time we understand the full extent of their differences, at lease the ones relevant to their careers in the NBA. Already one of the all-time greats, James is unrivaled. He is beyond comparison of any active player. Nobody has touched him and nobody will touch him. LeBron has league MVP’s, two NBA championships, Finals MVP, and countless statistical accolades have left him standing alone. Once again, there’s no question James marks are better, but only increases when you factor in James forecasted total for this season they don’t put Durant to shame. In most categories, he’s right there, having posted comparable number. Where James actually begins to separate himself even further i s win shares. He collected 103.3 win shares through his first seven season while Durant is only tracking toward 90.3. The gap in average win-share accumulation only increases when you factor in LeBron’s forecasted total for this season (16.4), too. Durant We will write a custom essay sample on Kevin Durant and LeBron James specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kevin Durant and LeBron James specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kevin Durant and LeBron James specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer